Accreditation of prior learning (APL) is the common name given to the process of recognising the competences an individual has gained through formal, informal or non-formal learning in various settings. This implies that professional competences acquired by learning on the job, in a home setting or in voluntary work are in principle comparable to those acquired in formal learning situations. Moreover, competences include more than knowledge, skills and attitude. They also implicitly refer to the talent to adjust to changing circumstances, flexibility or deployment potential. Therefore, competences not only include professional competences but social and personal competences as well.

Recognition means awarding certificates or diplomas on the basis of a generally recognised standard, such as the qualification structure for vocational education. Obviously, there are also other standards relating to the labour market which employers and employees regard as relevant. External legitimacy is the key requirement for recognition.