The Singularity scenario in which a mind makes the transition from prehuman or human-equivalent intelligence to strong transhumanity or superintelligence over the course of days or hours.
Arguments for the probability of hard (as opposed to "soft") takeoffs usually cite the vast speed differences between human neurons and silicon chips, in addition to the qualitative differences between humans and minds in general.
The high likelihood of a hard takeoff once a roughly human-equivalent AI is created has been argued by the Singularity Institute: singinst.org/LOGI/seedAI.html