Talk given to the Radical Anthropology Group at Daryll Forde Seminar Room, Anthropology Building, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW on 12 June 2018. Camilla Power explains how social equality and, specifically, gender equality were crucial to human evolution and are demonstrated by existing hunter-gatherer communities. Her lecture also criticises the misleading assumptions made by David Graeber and David Wengrow and they confusion they have propagated in recent publications. The talk is prefaced by comments on equality and trans-idenity, gender fluidity and the politics of sex. See also https://vimeo.com/260771955 for more blurb and further reading.